| French & Raven Power Taxonomy | |
| Reward power | The target person complies in order to obtain rewards s/he believes are controlled by the agent |
| Coercive power | The target person complies in order to avoid punishments s/he believes are controlled by the agent |
| Legitimate power | The target person complies because s/he believes the agent has the right to make the request & the target person has the obligation to comply |
| Expert power | The target person complies because s/he believes that the agent has special knowledge about the best way to do something |
| Referent power | The target person complies because s/he admires or identifies with the agent & wants to gain the agent's approval |
| Sources of Leader Influence over Subordinates & Likely Outcomes | |||
| Source of Leader Influence |
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| POWER | COMMITMENT | COMPLIANCE | RESISTANCE |
| Referent | Likely* If request is believed to be important to leader |
Possible If request is perceived to be unimportant to leader |
Possible If request is for something that will bring harm to leader |
| Expert | Likely* If request is persuasive & subordinates share leader's task goals |
Possible If request is persuasive but subordinates are apathetic about task goals |
Possible If leader is arrogant & insulting, or subordinates oppose task goals |
| Legitimate | Possible If request is polite & very appropriate |
Likely* If request or order is seen as legitimate |
Possible If arrogant demands are made or request does not appeal to subordinates |
| Reward | Possible If used in a subtle, very personal way |
Likely* If used in a mechanical, impersonal way |
Possible If used in a manipulative, arrogant way |
| Coercive | Very Unlikely | Possible If used in a helpful, nonpunitive way |
Likely* If used in a hostile or manipulative way |
Source: Management 388G, Leadership & Society Workbook, Dr. John Loveland